Foraging Before Spring Migration and Before Breeding in Common Eiders: Does Hyperphagia Occur?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Foraging performance of Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) was studied to find out if hyperphagia occurs before migration and breeding in this species. Diving efficiency and time spent feeding were quantified concomitantly for two subspecies that differ in the timing of their reproduction and migration. The foraging performance of female S. m. dresseri preparing for breeding and female S. m. borealis preparing for migration were compared with their male counterparts, which are known to achieve energy balance during these periods. Female dresseri spent 41% of their time feeding and made 404 dives daily, for a total of 169 min spent underwater each day. Female dresseri spent more time diving than did males by about one hour each day. There were no detectable differences in the foraging performances of male and female borealis, probably because the body mass of migrating females increased only slightly prior to migration. Hyperphagia in breeding female dresseri appears to be the main cause of increased body mass, although other mechanisms may play a role. Quête Alimentaire Chez l'Eider à Duvet Avant la Migration Printanière et la Nidification: Est-Il Possible de Déceler un Phénomène d'Hyperphagie? Résumé. Le quête alimentaire de l'Eider à duvet (Somateria mollissima) fut étudiée au printemps avant la migration et avant la nidification dans le but de déceler, s'il y a lieu, un phénomène d'hyperphagie chez cette espèce. Le temps passé à s'alimenter et l'efficacité de la plongée furent quantifiés simultanément pour deux sous-espèces qui diffèrent quant à leur chronologie de nidification et de migration. La quête alimentaire des femelles S. m. dresseri, se préparant pour la nidification, et des femelles S. m. borealis, se préparant pour la migration, fut comparée avec celle des mâles de chacune des sous-espèces respectives. Les mâles furent utilisés comme “témoins” puisqu'il y a des évidences que ces derniers maintiennent l'équilibre énergétique durant cette période. Les femelles dresseri ont passé en moyenne 41% de leur temps à s'alimenter et elles ont réalisé 404 plongeons quotidiennement, pour un total de 169 min. passées en plongée par jour, soit environ une heure de plus que les mâles. Il n'y avait pas de différences dans la performance de la quête alimentaire des femelles et des mâles borealis, probablement parce que les femelles n'emmagasinent que très peu de réserves avant leur départ pour la migration. En conclusion, un phénomène d'hyperphagie se manifeste chez la femelle dresseri bien que d'autres mécanismes d'accumulation de réserves peuvent jouer un rôle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".