Tunnel warfare in World War I: The underground battlefield tunnels of Vimy Ridge, France
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vimy Ridge was a critical battlefield on the Western Front during the first World War. The final battle (April 9-12, 1917) is a critical milestone in the building of Canada as a nation but was also a major turning point in the seemingly endless trench warfare of the day. The details of the final battle on the ground is well documented in literature, on television and in the movies of today. Less known is the underground warfare that took place at Vimy and across the front lines of WWI. Both sides used tunnelling to supply the front lines, to provide shelter for troops and to advance attacks under the enemy lines. The construction of the tunnels, the strategic design and the long- term stability and current status are matters of great interest. This work was brought about by a need to assess the potential for cave-ins or collapses during restoration works on the Vimy Ridge Monument. The tunnel layout and designs employed by both German and Allied forces are described. The tunnelling challenges of the day are discussed and the current mechanics of instability and long-term prognosis are explored along with a summary of modern site investigations and analysis. This investigation is undertaken within the important historical and human context of the tunnel network.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".