Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rethinking Parkinson's.ropinirole (as ropinirole hydrochloride) TabMs: 0.25 mg, 1.0 mg, 2.0 mg, 5.0 mg THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION Antiparkinsonian Agent / Dopamine Agonist INDICATIONS AND CLINICAL USE REQUIP (ropinirole hydrochloride) is indicated in the treatment of the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.REQUIP can be used both as early therapy, without concomitant levodopa and as an adjunct to levodopa.CONTRAINDICATIONS REQUIP (ropinirole hydrochloride) is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to ropinirole hydrochloride or the excipients of the drug product.WARNINGS Orthostatic Symptoms -Dopamine agonists appear to impair the systemic regulation of blood pressure with resulting orthostatic symptoms of dizziness or lightheadedness, with or without documented hypotension.These symptoms appear to occur especially during dose escalation.Therefore, patients treated with dopamine agonists should be carefully monitored for signs and symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, especially during dose escalation and should be informed of this risk.Hallucinations -In controlled trials, REQUIP (ropinirole hydrochloride) caused hallucination in 5.1% of patients during early therapy (1.4% in the placebo group) and in 10.1% of patients receiving REQUIP and levodopa (4.2% receiving placebo and levodopa).Hallucination was of sufficient severity that It led to discontinuation in 1.3% and 1.9% of patients during early and adjunct therapy, respectively.The incidence of hallucination was dose-dependent both in early and adjunct therapy studies.PRECAUTIONS Cardiovascular -Since REQUIP (ropinirole hydrochloride) has not been studied in patients with a history or evidence of significant cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, cardiac decompensation, cardiac arrhythmias, vaso-occlusive disease (including cerebral) or cardiomyopathy, it should be used with caution in such patients.There is limited experience with REQUIP in patients treated with antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic agents.Consequently, in such patients, the dose of REQUIP should be titrated with caution.Neuroleptic ': Incidence ot adverse event <1 %.When REQUIP is administered as adjunct therapy to levodopa, the dose of levodopa may be decreased gradually as tolerated once a therapeutic effect with REQUIP has been observed.REQUIP should be discontinued gradually over a 7-day period.The frequency of administration should be reduced from three times daily to twice daily for 4 days.For the remaining 3 days, the frequency should be reduced to once dally prior to complete withdrawal of REQUIP.Renal and Hepatic Impairment: In patients with mild to moderate renal impairment, REQUIP may be titrated In the recommended manner according to clinical response.Patients with severe renal impairment or on hemodialysis have not been studied and administration of REQUIP to such patients is not recommended.Patients with hepatic impairment have not been studied and administration of REQUIP to such patients is not recommended.Estrogen Replacement Therapy: In patients already receiving estrogen replacement therapy, REQUIP may be titrated in the recommended manner according to clinical response.However, if estrogen replacement therapy is stopped or started during treatment with REQUIP, adjustment of the REQUIP dosage may be required.AVAILABILITY OF DOSAGE FORM REQUIP is supplied as a pentagonal film-coated Tlltab*tablet with beveled edges containing ropinirole (as ropinirole hydrochloride) as follows: 0.25 mg -white imprinted with SB and 4890; 1.0 mg -green imprinted with SB and 4892; 2.0 mg -pale pink Imprinted with SB and 4893; 5.0 mg -blue tablets imprinted with SB and 4894.REQUIP Is available In bottles in the pack size of 100 tablets.It Is also available in 0.25 mg as a single unit blister pack of 21 tablets.Full Product Monograph available to practitioners upon request.REFERENCES: 1. Rascol 0, ef a/.Ropinirole in the Treatment of Early Parkinson's Disease: A 6-Month Interim Report of a 5-Year Levodopa-controlled Study.Mov D/sortf 1998;13:39-45.4. Schrag AE, ef a/.The Safety of Ropinirole, a selective non-ergoline dopamine agonist in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.207 | 0.093 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".