Accumulation of silver from the diet in two marine benthic predators: The snow crab (<i>Chionoecetes opilio</i>) and American plaice (<i>Hippoglossoides platessoides</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The kinetics and fine-scale tissue distribution of a single dose of 110mAg ingested with food were determined in snow crab and American plaice through the techniques of in vivo gamma counting and whole-body autoradiography. Metal that was retained after the first 3 d was distributed in all the soft tissues of snow crab, whereas it concentrated in gut, liver, and gallbladder of the American plaice. In snow crab, the biological half-life of retained Ag, which represented 67–100% of the ingested dose, was greater than 1000 d. In contrast, in American plaice the retained fraction represented only 4–16% of the ingested dose and the biological half-life ranged from 13 to 102 d. Modeling the trophic accumulation of Ag for snow crab and American plaice living in the St. Lawrence Estuary, assuming realistic values for food ingestion rates and Ag concentration in benthic organisms of lower trophic levels, reveals that continuous feeding on Ag-contaminated prey would result in much higher metal levels in the snow crab than in the American plaice. Measurement of Ag concentrations in snow crab and American plaice from the St. Lawrence Estuary, an environment receiving significant inputs of anthropogenic Ag, confirmed this prediction. The similarity between laboratory-based predictions and field data strongly suggests that predation is the major transfer route of Ag towards these marine benthic predators.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".