Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Rabies is an acute infection of the nervous system in human and animals caused by rabies virus. Transmission usually occurs via a bite of an infected animal; transmission via aerosols and by tissue or organ transplantation are rare. Worldwide, endemic dog rabies is responsible for the vast majority of human cases, particularly in Asia and Africa. There are about 60,000 fatal human cases annually, and almost half are in children. Dog rabies can become well controlled by mass vaccination of dogs, which has proved to be very successful in Latin America. However, dog rabies remains uncontrolled in Asia and Africa. Rabies can be very effectively prevented after recognized exposures in humans by wound cleansing and active and passive immunization with rabies vaccine and rabies immune globulin, respectively. Human rabies has characteristic clinical features, including hydrophobia, and there are both encephalitic and paralytic forms of disease with progressive illness to death. Antemortem diagnostic laboratory tests include detection of rabies virus RNA (by reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction amplification) in saliva or skin biopsies, rabies virus antigen detection in skin biopsies, and/or detection of neutralizing anti-rabies virus antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. When patients are treated aggressively in critical care units, there often are cardiac and/or respiratory complications and progression to multisystem organ dysfunction. Rabies is virtually always fatal and most survivors have received one or more doses of rabies vaccine prior to the onset of their clinical illness. There is no established effective therapy for rabies. The Milwaukee protocol, which includes therapeutic coma, lacks a clear scientific rationale and has proven to be ineffective and should no longer be used for the management of human rabies. Our understanding of basic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of rabies are quite limited and have proven to be an important barrier for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the disease. There is recent evidence that rabies virus induces mitochondrial dysfunction in infected cells, which results in oxidative stress due to generation of reactive oxygen species and neuronal injury. This advance may lead to new approaches to the therapy of rabies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".