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Record W4246986313 · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28755-3_17

Rebooting the Genome

2016· book-chapter· en· W4246986313 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueEvolutionary Bioinformatics · 2016
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicCRISPR and Genetic Engineering
Canadian institutionsQueen's University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBiologyGeneticsGenomeMeiosisDosage compensationHeterogametic sexChromosomeEvolutionary biologyGene

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The need for genomes to detect and correct errors has been a major force in evolution, driving DNA to ‘speak in palindromes’ and splitting members of a species into two sexes. Errors associated with DNA mutations or DNA damage may be imperfectly corrected in our bodies (“soma”), but should be better corrected in the germ line. To this end, meiotic recombination repair, in which maternal and paternal genomes are compared, is the last court of appeal. For this ‘rebooting’ of the genome, parental genomes must be neither too similar, nor too disparate. If too similar (inbreeding), differences will not emerge at meiosis in their child’s gonad. If too disparate, an exploratory speciation process (anti-recombination) may initiate, manifest as a healthy, but sterile, child (hybrid sterility). For the initiation of speciation, human females must: (i) differentiate their sex chromosomes (X and X), (ii) differentiate their non-sex chromosomes (22 autosomal pairs), and (iii) activate ‘check-points’ which respond to such differentiations by disrupting meiosis. In contrast human males, being already advanced in the first step due to differentiation of their sex chromosomes (X and Y), have to complete only the latter steps. Thus, the first sign of speciation (incipient speciation), manifest as hybrid sterility, is production of sterile males (Haldane’s rule). Long ago, anti-recombination activity prevented repair of Y-chromosomes, which degenerated, thus loosing many X-chromosome equivalent genes. Human males now have potentially only one dose of many X-chromosome gene products, whereas females have potentially two doses. Dosage compensation in human females, leaving only one X-chromosome active, buffers fluctuations in intracellular protein concentrations between male and female generations. This permits a gene, independently of the sex which may harbor it, to fine-tune the concentration of its protein product to that of other proteins with which it has been traveling through the generations. In this way, collective protein functions, including intracellular self/not-self discrimination, are facilitated. Failure of this may predispose human females to autoimmune disease. By virtue of extensive palindromic sequences, Y chromosomes appear, like some rare ameiotic organisms, capable of in-series error-correction.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.548
Threshold uncertainty score0.700

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.237
Teacher spread0.230 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it