Bibliographic record
Abstract
Saving for the future is an adaptive skill that humans benefit from regularly.Only some studies have explored the factors that contribute to children's saving ability in the early preschool years, such as the nature of the resource to be saved (e.g., symbolic versus non-symbolic).The current study contrasts two savings studies with young children.In one, 63 children aged 3.5-6 years saved a resource itself (i.e., marbles; Kamawar, Connolly, Astle-Rahim, Smygwaty & Vendetti, 2019), and in another, 53 children aged 4-to 5-years saved a symbol of a resource (i.e., tokens; Jerome, Milyavskaya, Atance & Kamawar, submitted).Each study included both a control and a budgeting condition where children could make a savings plan prior to engaging in the task, alongside a general planning measure (the Truck Loading task).Overall, children's performance across the two studies did not differ significantly, though the number of resources budgeted approached significance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".