023 Effect of subcutaneous meloxicam on indicators of acute pain and distress after castration and branding in 2-month-old beef calves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Routine management practices such as vaccination, ear tagging, castration, and branding are procedures commonly done on the same day. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single dose of subcutaneous meloxicam (Metacam 0.5 mg/kg BW) at mitigating acute pain caused by knife castration or the combination of knife castration and hot-iron branding. Seventy-two 2-mo-old Angus bull calves were randomly assigned to a 3 × 2 factorial design: control (CON), knife (K), and knife and branding (KB) without meloxicam and control, knife (KM), and knife and branding (KBM) with meloxicam. Samples were collected on d −1; immediately before castration (T0); at 60, 90, 120, and 180 min after castration; and 1, 2, 3, and 7 d after castration to determine salivary cortisol (SC), substance P (SP), haptoglobin (HP), stride length, and frequency of tail flicking (TF), foot stamping (FS), and head turning (HT) behaviors. A castration × medication × time interaction was observed for HP (P = 0.05) and FS (P = 0.02), where KBM calves had greater HP concentrations than KB calves at T0, whereas KB calves had greater HP concentrations on d 1, 2, 3, and 7 and greater FS frequencies than the KBM group on d 1 and 2. The K calves had greater HP concentrations on d 1 and 2 compared with KM calves. A castration × time interaction was observed for SC (P < 0.01) and TF (P < 0.01). The K and KB calves had greater SC concentrations compared with CON calves 60 min after castration, whereas KB calves had greater concentrations than K calves and both KB and K calves had greater concentrations compared with CON calves 90, 120, and 180 min after castration. The KB and K calves had greater TF frequencies on d 1 and 3 compared with CON calves, whereas KB calves had greater TF than K calves and both groups compared with CON calves on d 2. A castration × medication interaction (P = 0.01) was observed for HT, where K calves were found to have greater HT frequencies than KM calves. No treatment or interaction effects were observed for SP. Overall, a single subcutaneous dose of meloxicam administered immediately prior to the procedures conducted was effective at mitigating physiological (HP and SC) and behavioral (TF, FS, and HT) indicators of pain and distress in calves that were castrated and castrated and branded.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".