Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper offers the concept of parental citizenship to capture the right of parents and their minor children to be citizens of the same country. It criticizes the current neglect of the familial aspects of immigration policies and citizenship laws, with the first centering on security and employment, and the latter conceptualized mainly in individualistic terms. One manifestation of this neglect, highlighted in the paper, is the double standard imposed on children in developed countries and in developing ones in relation to the centrality of their relations with their parents. While the first are protected by intense legal policies aimed at securing their right to live with and to be cared for by their parents, the latter are expected to be separated from their parents, and their right to parental care is ignored. The paper presents two detailed examples to demonstrate the current inconsistencies towards parental citizenship and the problematic outcomes of, on the one hand, ignoring it, and on the other hand, treating it as an almost absolute right. The paper calls for the integration of parental citizenship in the current debates over immigration policies and citizenship laws and for the evolvement of an international legal consensus over its importance and limits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".