Carcinosarcoma of the bladder: case report and review of the literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Primary osteosarcomas of the bladder account for about 0.04% ofbladder neoplasms. Most of the patients in the literature expiredwithin 6 months and, in almost all of the cases in the literature,radical cystectomy with postoperative chemotherapy was thetreatment choice. A 79-year-old gentleman presented with grosshematuria. Cystoscopy demonstrated a 2- to 3-cm tumour along thelateral wall of the bladder. The tumour was resected incompletelyvia initial transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), anda second TURBT was subsequently performed to fully resect theresidual mass. Surgical pathology from these 2 resections revealedosteosarcoma with invasion into the muscularis propria. Acystoprostatectomy was performed and final pathologic specimenrevealed high-grade CIS without evidence of residual osteosarcoma.Postoperatively, the patient did not receive chemotherapy orradiation and currently remains disease-free 2 years post-radicalcystectomy. Only 33 well-documented cases of primary osteosarcomaof the bladder have been reported to date. However, thereare only 3 cases in which TURBT resulted in complete resection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".