Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kelly Foley of University of Saskatchewan reviews “The Long Shadow: Family Background, Disadvantaged Urban Youth, and the Transition to Adulthood”, by Karl Alexander, Doris Entwisle, and Linda Olson. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Considers how social contexts─especially those of family, neighborhood, and school─bear on the long-term well-being of disadvantaged urban youth, drawing on the life experiences of the Baltimore Beginning School Study Youth Panel. Discusses urban disadvantage; the Baltimore backdrop; family disadvantage; neighborhood and school; transitioning to adulthood; socioeconomic destinations; origins to destinations across generations; stratification by race and gender; and a life-course perspective of urban disadvantage.” Alexander is John Dewey Professor and Chair of the Department of Sociology at the Johns Hopkins University. The late Entwisle was Research Professor of Sociology at the Johns Hopkins University. Olson is an associate research scientist with the Baltimore Education Research Consortium and the Center for Social Organization of Schools at the Johns Hopkins University.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".