Bibliographic record
Abstract
No AccessDirections in Development - Trade1 Feb 2013Challenges of CAFTAMaximizing the Benefits for Central AmericaAuthors/Editors: C. Felipe Jaramillo and Daniel LedermanC. Felipe Jaramillo and Daniel Ledermanhttps://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-6444-4SectionsAboutPDF (1.9 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract:The report provides a preliminary assessment of DR-CAFTA, with particular attention to three key themes: (i) expected trade and non-trade benefits, (ii) actions that Central American countries need to pursue to capitalize optimally on the new opportunities, and (iii) identification of the population groups that may require assistance to adapt to a more competitive environment. The Introductory Chapter reviews the main findings of the report. Chapter II places DR-CAFTA in the historical context of the economic reforms that Central America has been undertaking since the late 1980s. Chapter III provides a summary overview of the recently negotiated DR-CAFTA. Chapter IV reviews various analyses that assess the potential impacts of DR-CAFTA in Central American countries. Chapter V focuses on the identification of potentially affected populations from the easing of trade restrictions in sensitive agricultural products and analyzes policy options to assist vulnerable groups. Chapter VI reviews evidence related to key macroeconomic implications of DR-CAFTA, namely the potential revenue losses and effect on the patterns of business-cycle synchronization. Chapter VII reviews evidence from each Central American country in the areas of trade facilitation, institutional and regulatory reforms, and innovation and education, in order to identify key priorities for the complementary agenda for DR-CAFTA. Next book FiguresreferencesRecommendeddetailsCited byTransport Infrastructure and Regional Integration in the Middle EastThe Muslim World, Vol.111, No.17 February 2021Central American integration through infrastructure development: A case study of Costa Rican hydropowerRegions and Cohesion, Vol.6, No.1Beyond inclusiveness: institutions, cooperation and rural developmentCanadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement, Vol.36, No.425 November 2015The Context of CAFTA-DR in Costa Rica18 June 2015The Pursuit of Equilibrium as the Eagle Meets the Condor: Supporting Sustainable Development Through F air T radeAmerican Business Law Journal, Vol.49, No.312 September 2012Adjustment Problems in Developing Countries and the U.S.-Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade AgreementThe International Trade Journal, Vol.23, No.1Small- and Microenterprise Business Development in Costa Rica: An Examination of Domestic and Foreign Born EntrepreneursLatin American Business Review, Vol.9, No.2 View Published: June 2006ISBN: 978-0-8213-6444-4e-ISBN: 978-0-8213-6445-1 Copyright & Permissions Related RegionsLatin America & CaribbeanRelated CountriesBrazilEl SalvadorGuatemalaRelated TopicsInternational Economics & TradeLaw and DevelopmentMacroeconomics and Economic GrowthPrivate Sector DevelopmentPublic Sector Development KeywordsDR-CAFTATRADE AND NON-TRADE BENEFITSCOMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENTECONOMIC REFORMSCENTRAL AMERICAMACROECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF DR-CAFTATRADE FACILITATIONINSTITUTIONAL AND REGULATORY REFORMSINNOVATION AND EDUCATIONAGRICULTURAL COMMODITIESBUSINESS CYCLEFREE TRADEMACROECONOMIC POLICYMARKET ACCESSREGIONAL INTEGRATIONTARIFF RATESTRADE AGREEMENTTRADE LIBERALIZATIONTRADE POLICIES PDF DownloadLoading ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.017 | 0.043 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.018 | 0.015 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.062 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".