Defence reactions of<i>Hordeum chilense</i>accessions to three formae speciales of cereal powdery mildew fungi
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The histology of resistance to infection by Blumeria graminis DC Speer f.sp. hordei, Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, and Blumeria graminis f.sp. avenae was studied in 15 accession lines of Hordeum chilense. All were highly resistant to all formae speciales. There were small differences in spore germination rates and the morphological normality of germlings formed on the different lines. Relatively large differences between accessions were detected in terms of penetration resistance and the frequency with which attacked epidermal cells died. Greater penetration resistance was expressed by epidermal cells of the seventh-formed leaves than by earlier leaves, indicating that penetration resistance is a component of adult plant resistance in H. chilense. Epidermal cells overlying vascular tissues (long epidermal cells) were more resistant to penetration than cells adjacent or close to stomatal complexes. In a limited examination involving two accession lines, epidermal cells on the abaxial leaf surface of one line were more penetration resistant than those on the adaxial surface; the other line was highly resistant on both surfaces. However, in the few cases where long cells and abaxial cells were penetrated, the frequency of associated cell death was lower than in short cells or on the adaxial leaf surface. This is consistent with the macroscopic observation that the few colonies formed on H. chilense were often close to the mid-rib and more frequent on the abaxial leaf surface. The data support the view that H. chilense offers a valuable source of powdery mildew resistance for cultivated cereals.Key words: Blumeria graminis, Erysiphe graminis, powdery mildew, disease resistance, histology, Hordeum chilense.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".