Specification of the RTPA grammar and its recognition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new type of descriptive mathematics, real-time process algebra (RTPA), is developed for describing complicated behaviors of human beings and software systems. This paper describes the key syntax of RTPA defined by a set of 280 LL(k) grammar rules and their recognition techniques. The LL(k) grammar of RTPA is formally described by using the EBNF notations. The design of the RTPA parser and type checker are presented on the basis of the RTPA grammar. To deal with the special non-LL(k) grammar rules of RTPA, the ANTLR syntactic predicates are used to create guarded and extended rules. The tasks of type checking in RTPA recognition can be classified into three categories: (a) identifier type compliancy, (b) expression type compliancy, and (c) process constraint consistency. The implementation of the RTPA parser and type checker provides an important tool for RTPA recognition and for generating executable code for formal specifications of system architectures and behaviors in RTPA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".