Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have studied the mechanical properties of the crossbridges of canine saphenous venous smooth muscle during activation by electrical stimulation. A length-tension relationship study showed that at optimal length (1₀) the maximum isometric tension (P₀) developed was 87.9 mN/mm2. Resting tension at lo was only 6% P₀, which indicates a very compliant muscle. Active tension was observed at muscle lengths greater than 0.3 lo. The maximum shortening capacity was 0.65 lo. Force-velocity and series elastic characteristics were determined by the method of quick release to a set of load clamps applied during the course of an isometric contraction. The data were fitted by the hyperbolic Hill equation. Estimated maximum shortening velocity at zero load (V₀) an index of the crossbridge cycling rate) was 0.26 lo/s which was attained early in the contraction (5 s after the stimulation). A 11.9% decline in V₀ was observed at the plateau of the contraction which occurred at 15 s. The stress (a)-strain (e) curve for the series elastic component could be approximated by the equation a = B[exp(Ae) – 1], where A = 76.51 (1/1₀), B = 2.89 mN/mm2 at 5 s and A = 61.49 (1/lo), B = 1.85 mN/mm2 at 15 s. Like other smooth muscles, in general, saphenous vein develops considerable isometric tension and has a high shortening capacity but a low shortening velocity. The reduction in shortening velocity that occurs after 5 s in an isometric contraction is probably due to the development of so-called latch bridges.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.812 | 0.690 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".