Hypoxic Ventilatory Response in Trained Male and Female Cyclists
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1801 Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated a diminished hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) in endurance athletes compared to sedentary controls. Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) has been correlated with HVR in trained males but this relationship is controversial and has not been examined in trained females. PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of peripheral chemosensitivity on arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during maximal exercise in trained male and female cyclists. METHODS: Subjects (11 M; 10 F) performed a cycle test to exhaustion to determine maximal O2 consumption (VO2max). Pulse oximetery was used to monitor SaO2. The HVR was measured at rest by progressive isocapnic hypoxia and evaluated by the slope of the linear regression between ventilation (Ve) and SaO2. RESULTS: Males had a higher absolute (mean ± SD; 4.84 ± 0.59 vs. 3.41 ± 0.14 L·min−1) and relative (62.6 ± 6.7 vs. 54.3 ± 6.4 mL·kg−1·min−1) VO2max compared to females. The HVR was not different between males (0.44 ± 0.24; range 0.13–0.79 L·min−1·%SaO2 −1) and females (0.48 ± 0.21; range 0.17–0.95) (P>0.05). Arterial desaturation occurred at end exercise in both males (SaO2 = 91.4 ± 2.9%) and females (91.3 ± 3.1%) but this was not significantly correlated to HVR in men (r = 0.25) or women (r = 0.11) (P>0.05). There was a significant relationship between HVR and VO2max (mL·kg−1·min−1) for all subjects (r = −0.49) and when separated by gender (men r = −0.53; women r = −0.63) (P<0.05). Maximal Ve was unrelated to HVR (r = −0.30) for all subjects or for men (−0.34) and women (−0.45) (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Resting HVR is not related to maximal exercise Ve or the development of EIAH in trained male and female cyclists. Supported by NSERC (Canada)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".