« Réduit à désirer la mort d'une femme qui peut-être lui a sauvé la vie » ; la conscription et les liens du mariage sous Napoléon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Jennifer Heuer, « Compelled to hope for the death of a woman who may have saved one's life » : conscription and marriage bonds under Napoleon. During the Napoleonic era, many couples married simply so that the man could avoid conscription. These couples were often wildly mismatched ; young men wed women who were in their seventies or eighties, or who were sometimes deranged or epileptic. Girls who still lived with their parents were officially united with their neighbors. Almost all imagined that they would divorce when peace arrived. But the laws of the Restoration, especially the abolition of divorce, left couples potentially bound together permanently. This article is based on a series of petitions written between 1814 and 1820 in the hopes of breaking these fictive, but legally binding, marriages. These petitions illuminate resistance to the state by revealing strategies that were deliberately hidden from the Napoleonic authorities. They also show the arguments petitioners used to convince new authorities of the injustice of their fate and to associate the political and military crimes of the « usurper » with domestic disorder. They reveal the legal conundrums created by such marriages, like the case of a man in love with a woman who after his paper marriage to an old woman to escape conscription- was technically his own granddaughter. Considered together with court cases, these petitions show that it is insufficient to write a history of the family based on the prescriptions of the Civil Code, without also considering the effects of two decades of war.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".