Wind driven changes in the ocean carbon sink
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. We estimate the historical ocean carbon sink over 1871 to 2010 using an ocean biogeochemical model driven with observed wind forcing. We focus on the influence of wind and mesoscale eddy changes on the net surface CO2 flux, which are most significant after 1950. The observed wind changes act to reduce the annual ocean carbon sink by 0.009 to 0.023 Pg yr−1 decade−1 over 1950 to 2010, and are consistent with previous studies covering only the latter part of the 20th century. The response of the ocean circulation and the carbon cycle to wind changes is sensitive to the parameterization of mesoscale eddies in our coarse resolution simulations. With a variable eddy transfer coefficient, eddy activity in the Southern Ocean increases in response to intensifying historical winds, partially compensating for direct wind-driven circulation changes. Thus with a variable eddy transfer coefficient the response to wind changes is about 2.5 times smaller than when using a constant coefficient. Finally, we show by comparing six reanalyses over 1980 to 2010 that estimated historical wind trends differ significantly. Through simulations forced with these reanalysis winds we show that the influence of historical wind changes on ocean carbon uptake is highly uncertain and depends on the choice of surface wind forcing product.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".