L'historiographie d'une académie coloniale : le Cercle des Philadelphes (1784-1793)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
James E. Mcclellan III, The Historiography of a colonial Academy : The Cercle des Philadelphes (1784-1793). This paper investigates the surprisingly rich historiography that has arisen around the Cercle des Philadelphes, the famous colonial academy in old French Saint Domingue (modern Haiti). Through the 1980s, the dominant view envisioned the Cercle as inspired by contemporary Freemasonry, but this interpretation is rejected by most scholars today. Two, more credible historiographical alternatives currently vie for analytical allegiance. One considers the Cercle as an extension of central and colonial government ; the other sees the Cercle emanating from the patriotic initiative of white colonists. This study examines these more recent options. Both are based on interesting evidence, but each has problems, and neither is entirely convincing. A better conclusion suggests that the Cercle simultaneously embodied royalist and patriotic tendencies until the shock- wave of the French and Haitian revolutions smashed this precarious balancing act.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".