Bibliographic record
Abstract
of states. 39 Even with a lack of express obligation to do so, many domestic judges, in either monist or dualist countries, have interpreted domestic law in conformity with international rules and principles. 40 Consistent interpretation can render dualist systems, like Mexico's, monist in some sense 41 through the oeuvre of domestic judges. In fact, through consistent interpretation, domestic judges can use international law instruments not incorporated or otherwise received in their respective domestic legal order, so as to shape the meaning of national legal norms and principles. 42 Domestic judges use the "consistent interpretation" technique with more frequency when they have to apply domestic legal provisions to human rights protection. In fact, national judges, particularly those working in Supreme and Constitutional Courts, always try to show that their interpretations of human rights, granted by internal norms and principles, are in conformity with international human rights instruments. 43 Mexican judges are not separate from this global judicial movement toward consistent interpretation of domestic law with international human rights law. In some case law decisions, Mexican judges have interpreted national legal provisions in accordance with international human rights instruments. In 2008, a circuit tribunal considered that the illegal deprivation of liberty is contrary to Articles 1, 14, 16, 103 and 107 of the Mexican Constitution, and must be interpreted in accordance with international human rights esp. paras. 8-9), all the domestic judges of EU member States have the obligation to interpret domestic law in conformity with EU Law. 39 Thus, for example, Article 10-2 of the Spanish Constitution expressly states that constitutional human rights provisions shall be interpreted in conformity with international human rights treaties ratified by Spain. 40 See, for example: Supreme Court of Canada, Baker, [1999] 2 SCR 817, House of Lords of the UK, A (FC) v. Secretary of State for the Home Department (Conjoined Appeals) (2005) UKHL 71; Israeli Supreme Court, Kav La'oved Association v. Israel, HCJ 4542/02; ILDC 382 (IL2006) [37]. 41 eL Boudouhi, Supra, 294. 42 Jean d'aspreMont, the systeMic integration of internationaL Law By doMestic courts: doMestic Judges as architects of the consistency of the internationaL Le-gaL order, in oLe kristian fauchaLd and andr noLLkaeMper,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.715 | 0.576 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".