Inhibition of Low Density Lipoprotein Oxidation and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme in vitro by Functional Fruit Vinegar Beverages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fruit vinegar beverages have been becoming popular as a part of the healthy diet.The current study investigated the antioxidant and in vitro low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation inhibition and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) properties of four different fruit vinegar beverages: apple, blueberry, cranberry and tomato at 5, 10, and 15 mg acetic acid equivalents/g concentrations.Blueberry vinegar beverage showed the highest antioxidant capacity regardless the acetic acid concentration.Over 50% LDL oxidation inhibition in vitro was observed for cranberry (mean ± SD) (68 ± 1.7%) and blueberry (85 ± 1.5%) vinegar beverages at the three acetic acid concentrations.Both cranberry (92 ± 0.2%) and blueberry (60 ± 0.7%) vinegar beverages had higher levels of ACE inhibition in vitro at 15 mg acetic acid equivalents/g concentration.Comparatively, tomato vinegar beverage showed lower antioxidant and ACE inhibition properties in vitro.Thus, findings of the current study suggest that functional beverages, such as fruit vinegar beverages, could be an alternative to drugs in controlling hypertension and hypercholesterolemia upon the confirmation of the results, using an animal model in vivo.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".