Food web structure and nutrient enrichment: effects on sediment phosphorus retention in whole-lake experiments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of whole-lake manipulations of both food web structure and nutrient loading rate revealed that the downward vertical P flux was significantly affected by food web structure. Food webs and nutrient input rates of two lakes were manipulated while a third lake served as a reference system. Phosphorus transport to the sediments was examined by three independent methods: mass-balance budgets, sediment traps, and sediment cores. After 2 years of pretreatment study, manipulated lakes were fertilized for 5 years at rates that were similar within each year but varied among years from 0.97 to 6.0 mg P·m-2·day-1. Increased vertical P flux was associated with the increased abundance of large-bodied zooplankton grazers such as Daphnia pulex. Vertical P flux increased with P input rates, but the increase was often insufficient to prevent P accumulation in the water column. Sediment trap measurements of the vertical P flux were significantly higher than the long-term sediment P retention measured by sediment cores and the seasonal sediment P retention calculated by mass balance. Using210Pb data from the sediment cores, we corrected the sediment trap measurements of vertical P flux for focusing and brought them into better agreement with the seasonal sediment P retention calculated by mass balance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".