Bibliographic record
Abstract
Edited by Scott Stull, sstull@alum.mit.edu , EducAide Software, Richmond, CA 94806; associate editors Debra Kerr, State College Area School District, Tyrone, PA 16686, and Jane Lataille, Windsor, CT 06095-1775 Problems 1–9, 11, 13, 14, and 16–19 were submitted by Richard Evans and Judy Buck, Plymouth State College, Plymouth, NH 03264. Problems 10, 12, 15, and 20–30 came from Elaine Simmt's and Florence Glanfield's Mathematics Majors and Minors, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8. Problem 31 was contributed by Dipendra Bhattacharya, Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, PA 16214-1232. Problems 9 and 11 were published in “Brain Bogglers,” by Michael Stueben, in the July 1987 issue and the January 1985 issue, respectively, of Discover magazine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.681 | 0.737 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".