Abstracts from the 2018 Respiratory Effectiveness Group Summit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The lack of a universally accepted definition for severe asthma hinders the investigation into its exact prevalence and pathology.The International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR) was created as a global effort to capture information on severe asthma using a standardized method of data capture.We aimed to examine the global prevalence of severe asthma and its corresponding patient characteristics.Method: This was a descriptive study utilizing patients with severe asthma data recorded in the ISAR from the UK, USA, Italy, Australia and South Korea from December 2014 to December 2017.Patients were included in the ISAR if they were ≥18 years of age and were on GINA (Global Initiatives for Asthma) Step 5 therapy or Step 4 with uncontrolled symptoms.Descriptive statistics for demographic factors and clinical characteristics were tabulated and summarized.Results: From a total of 2,244 patients with severe asthma, 1,502 (66.9%) patients were classified as GINA Step 5 patients and 742 (33.1%) as GINA Step 4 patients with uncontrolled symptoms.From the total study population, 1,250 (55.7%) were females and 1,120 (49.9%) were of Caucasian origin.Most of the patients were between the ages 55 and 79 (1107 (49.3%)) and were non-smokers (1,468 (66.2%)).A significant proportion (602 (49.9%)) of the patients had poorly controlled asthma.The asthma age of onset for Step 4 patients fell predominantly within the ">40" age category (291 (41.9%)), whereas the majority of Step 5 patients' asthma age of onset fell within the "12-40" age category (268, (46.4%)).The most prevalent comorbidity was allergic rhinitis for Step 4 (317 (52.7%)) and Step 5 patients (329 (27.3%)).Blood eosinophil count was greater than 0.3 10 9 /L for 319 (48.9%)Step 4 and 911 (63.8%)Step 5 patients.Intermediate (25-50 parts per billion) or high (>50 parts per billion) Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) results were recorded for 1,107 (78.6%) patients while 1,307 (69.3%) patients had serum IgE levels within 150-400 IU/ml or above 400 IU/ml, indicative of pulmonary inflammation.At least one exacerbation was reported for 962 (78.4%) patients and 472 (49.1%) of these patients had a minimum of four or more exacerbations.Conclusion: The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with severe asthma from five geographically diverse countries support previously reported characteristics of severe asthma patients.To decipher informative trends in asthma phenotypes and clinical management, country-specific distributions should be compared next.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.031 | 0.051 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.471 | 0.147 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".