Arsenic adsorption in aqueous solution and immobilization in soils and using hand warmers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adsorption is a commonly used method for arsenic remediation. The adsorption and immobilization effectiveness of arsenic by soil particles and used hand warmers was studied. The adsorption effectiveness at equilibrium of soil particles in 10 ppm As(III) solution was: clay (77.70%) > silt (69.24%) > sand (41.35%). In 1000 ppm As(III) solution, 17.02 mg As(III) was adsorbed onto each gram of hand warmers at equilibrium, which was significantly higher than other adsorbents. For As(III) adsorption from aqueous solution, soil samples and hand warmers were well fitted to the pseudo secondorder model and the Freundlich model. After 8 weeks of soil incubation, the sequential extraction procedure data indicated the labile fractions of arsenic (F1 and F2) decreased with the addition of hand warmers. Meanwhile, the percentage of the most stable fraction, F5, increased. These results are valuable for the future application of used hand warmers as an adsorbent/amendment for arsenic decontamination.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".