PROSTATE CANCER AMONG RURAL AND URBAN MEN IN SASKATCHEWAN, 1969–1998.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PROSTATE CANCER AMONG RURAL AND URBAN MEN IN SASKATCHEWAN, 1969–1998. JAMES GOMES, SMITH P, MCDUFFIE HH. Centre for Agricultural Medicine, University of. EMail: [email protected] Prostate cancer in men in Canada is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin tumours) and is the second most common cause of cancer mortality. From 1984–97, in Saskatchewan, the incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer have been higher compared to the Canadian average. The incidence of prostate cancer has been reported to be higher among farmers compared to non-farmers. To examine the hypotheses that farmers have a higher incidence of prostate cancer compared to non-farmers and that farmers develop prostate cancer at an older age and also die at an older age compared to their counterparts, this ecological study sought associations between prostate cancer incidence and mortality and residence type (rural versus town versus city). All cases of prostate cancer diagnosed between January 1, 1969 and December 31, 1998 were extracted from the Cancer Registry of the Saskatchewan Cancer Agency. The Cancer Registry is population-based and cancer is a reportable disease in Saskatchewan. Thus, the Cancer Registry achieves virtually 100% case ascertainment. Variables extracted were: date of diagnosis, date of death, cause of death, age at diagnosis, morphology and residence code at diagnosis. The analysis was based on three residence types: city, town and rural. Denominator data came from the annual Saskatchewan Covered Population publication produced by Saskatchewan Health. Age-specific incidence rates, mean ages at diagnosis and death and mean survival were calculated by residence types. There were 14,158 cases of prostate cancer registered in Saskatchewan between 1969 and 1998 after exclusion of cases of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. There were 14,133 cases with residence-type data, with 3904 (27,6%) cases in rural, 4009 (28.4%) cases in towns and 6220 (44.0%) cases in urban areas. A total of 4062 deaths were recorded during the study period with prostate cancer as the primary cause of death. Prostate cancer incidence in rural areas during the five five-year periods (1969–73, 1974–78, 1979–83, 1984–88 and 1989–93) were lower compared to the incidence in cities for all men over 55 years of age and higher for men in towns, however, in 1994–98 rural men over 75 had the highest incidence of prostate cancer. The mean ages at diagnosis and death for men in towns were higher for each of the five-year periods compared to men from cities. Men from towns are diagnosed with prostate cancer later in life and these men also died at an older age and have a higher incidence rate of prostate cancer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".