Foreign Body Granuloma: A New Manifestation of Immune Restoration Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: People with human immunodeficiency virus may experience an immune restoration syndrome during the lymphocyte recovery period following effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. In this syndrome, antigens that previously were ignored by the immune system now induce an exaggerated response with obvious clinical effects. Most cases have been associated with infectious agents such as cytomegalovirus or mycobacterium avium intracellulare. However, the sudden onset of sarcoidal granulomatous reactions have also been described in this setting. Objective: We report a 66-year-old HIV-positive man who presented with exacerbation of multiple foreign body granulomas decades after the original injuries. The presentation coincided with a significant rise in CD4 count after beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: We propose that this case demonstrates another manifestation of the immune restoration syndrome and postulate that an uncontrolled Th1 response is the causative mechanism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".