Groundwater -- surface water interaction under the effects of climate and land use changes.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Historical observed data and future climate projections provide enough evidence that water resources systems (i.e., surface water and groundwater) are extremely vulnerable to climate change. However, the impact of climate change on water resources systems varies from region to region. Therefore, climate change impact studies of water resources systems are of interest at regional to local scales. These studies provide a better understanding of the sensitivity of water resources systems to changes in climatic variable (i.e., precipitation and temperature), and help to manage future water resources. In addition to climate change, human-induced land use changes also significantly affect water resources systems. Therefore, climate and land use changes can provide offsetting and additive impacts on water resources systems depending on the region and watershed characteristics. In this dissertation research, groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) interaction under the effects of climate and land use changes were investigated through the development of a Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) modeling system using a case study in Kiskatinaw River watershed (KRW), British Columbia, Canada. --Leaf i.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".