Heterotrimeric <scp>G</scp> ‐Protein‐Coupled Signaling in Higher Plants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Abstract: Heterotrimeric G proteins are key signaling elements in eukaryotes. The fundamental building blocks of this pathway, the Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, are encoded in plant genomes, as are regulator of G‐protein signaling (RGS) proteins, and candidate seven‐transmembrane (7TM) G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, plants are distinguished from other metazoans by having far fewer genes encoding these functions: for example, the genome of the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana encodes single canonical Gα and Gβ subunits, two Gγ subunits, one RGS protein (which, unlike animal RGS proteins, contains a 7TM domain), and many fewer candidate GPCRs than mammalian genomes. Nevertheless, genetic approaches have demonstrated the importance of heterotrimeric G‐protein signaling in a wide diversity of responses that are fundamental to plant growth and survival, including cell division, ion channel regulation, responses to most of the major plant hormones, and aspects of light signaling, oxidative stress, and pathogen response. These studies have also demonstrated that, similar to the situation in other eukaryotes, some responses are primarily mediated by the Gα subunit and others by the Gβ subunit (βγ dimer). The role that a given G‐protein component plays in a given signaling process can differ between different plant cell types, as illustrated most thoroughly for regulation of cell division and hormonal response. These results imply that different plant cell types may employ different upstream and downstream proteins to couple with the heterotrimeric subunits. However, to date, only a few proteins have been shown to physically interact with plant G‐protein subunits, and this is a fertile area for future research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".