A Summary of Successful Field Applications of A Kinetic HydrateInhibitor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A Summary of Successful Field Applications of A Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor S. B. Fu; S. B. Fu Nalco/Exxon Energy Chemicals, L.P. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar L. M. Cenegy; L. M. Cenegy Nalco/Exxon Energy Chemicals, L.P. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar C. S. Neff C. S. Neff Nalco/Exxon Energy Chemicals, L.P. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, Houston, Texas, February 2001. Paper Number: SPE-65022-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/65022-MS Published: February 13 2001 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Fu, S. B., Cenegy, L. M., and C. S. Neff. "A Summary of Successful Field Applications of A Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor." Paper presented at the SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, Houston, Texas, February 2001. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/65022-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry Search Advanced Search Abstract A kinetic hydrate inhibitor based on a copolymer of vinylcaprolactam and vinylmethylacetamide has been successfully deployed in a number of fields, including both inland and offshore applications. The inhibitor has a low toxicity and manages a high degree of subcooling, up to 20°F. The effective dosage ranges from 550 ppm to 3000 ppm, depending upon the severity of the operating condition in each field. The performance of this inhibitor, the field conditions in which it was applied, and the benefits are discussed in this paper. These field cases helped establish the application technology for proper deployment of kinetic hydrate inhibitors. The success of these programs has confirmed the viability of using kinetic inhibitors as an effective hydrate control method. This kinetic inhibition technology not only provides an attractive cost-saving alternative to thermodynamic inhibitors; it also improves the safety of operation while lowering the environmental impact. Keywords: induction time, concentration, upstream oil & gas, corrosion inhibitor, methanol program, gas hydrate, flowline, flow assurance, hydrate, production rate Subjects: Flow Assurance, Hydrates Copyright 2001, Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".