Double-Crested Cormorant Disturbance: Restoration Potential for a Forested Urban Park
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between double-crested cormorant nesting activity and urban deforestation in Toronto’s Tommy Thompson Park (TTP). TTP is located on a human constructed spit, providing habitat for colonial waterbirds to nest along Lake Ontario’s shoreline. In recent decades, double-crested cormorant colonization has resulted in the deforestation of the western edge of the park. This deforestation is causing a steady retreat of tree cover, where newly exposed soils are vulnerable to colonization by invasive plants and erosive wind and wave action. Following a 30x30 m systematic sampling approach, geospatial interpolation of point data describing current soil physical and chemical properties is used to create continuous soil prediction surfaces. Interpolated surfaces are then combined to create site suitability maps using multicriteria evaluation (MCE) to weight the soil variables, and to provide a ranked output of desirable site locations for species-specific re-vegetation potential. Keywords: double-crested cormorant, urban forestry, restoration, kriging, multi-criteria evaluation
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".