Why Has Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Become Such a Successful Pathogen in Adults?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that has caused human disease for centuries, and despite efforts to control it via modern antibiotics, this organism has persisted and continues to cause major clinical problems throughout the world. A remarkably versatile pathogen, it has virulence mechanisms that enable it to cause a broad variety of serious infections in man, and it has the ability to acquire new exogenous genes, which make it possible for it to adapt to a variety of changing environmental conditions and to modulate its pathogenicity. It can establish a symptomatic carriage that permits widespread dissemination. It has shown a remarkable ability to develop resistance to the major antibiotics directed against it including the penicillins. The development of methicillin resistance in staphylococci has resulted in organisms that continue to plague patients in institutionalized settings and elsewhere. More recently, there has been a worldwide outbreak (currently most prominent in the United States) of infections due to community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococci. The factors that have made it possible for this to occur are defined in this article.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".