United States - Countervailing Duty Measures on Certain Products from China (WT/DS437): Report of the Panel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complaint by China On 25 May 2012, China requested consultations with the United States under Article 4 of the DSU, Article XXIII:1 of GATT 1994, and Article 30 of the SCM Agreement with respect to the United States’ countervailing duty measures on certain products from China as described in document WT/DS437/1. Consultations were held on 25 June 2012 and 18 July 2012 with a view to reaching a mutually satisfactory solution. These consultations clarified certain issues pertaining to this matter, but failed to resolve the dispute. Panel Establishment and Composition On 20 August 2012, China requested the establishment of a panel pursuant to Article 6 of the DSU with standard terms of reference. At its meeting on 28 September 2012, the DSB established a panel pursuant to the request of China in document WT/DS437/2, in accordance with Article 6 of the DSU. The Panel's terms of reference are the following: To examine, in the light of the relevant provisions of the covered agreements cited by the parties to the dispute, the matter referred to the DSB by China in document WT/DS437/2 and to make such findings as will assist the DSB in making the recommendations or in giving the rulings provided for in those agreements. On 14 November 2012, China requested the Director-General to determine the composition of the panel, pursuant to Article 8.7 of the DSU. On 26 November 2012, the Director-General accordingly composed the Panel as follows: Chairperson: Mr Mario Matus Members: Mr Scott Gallacher Mr Hugo Perezcano Díaz Australia, Brazil, Canada, the European Union, India, Japan, Korea, Norway, the Russian Federation, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia), Turkey and Viet Nam notified their interest in participating in the Panel proceedings as third parties. Panel Proceedings General After consultation with the parties, the Panel adopted its Working Procedures and timetable on 19 December 2012. Following its adoption, the Panel introduced subsequent modifications to its timetable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.021 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".