La baisse de la protection douanière dans l'Uruguay Round : le cas de l'agriculture dans l'Union européenne, au Canada et aux États-Unis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
À l'issue de l'Uruguay Round, la mesure dont il était attendu l'impact le plus tangible était la clause relative à l'accès aux marchés, qui impose aux pays signataires de convertir les barrières non tarifaires en droits de douane et de réduire l'ensemble des droits de 36% en moyenne avant l'an 2000 dans le secteur agro-alimentaire. Elle n’a cependant pas généré les effets escomptés, du fait de certaines dispositions techniques qui en ont réduit la portée. Son impact effectif sur le bien-être et sur les échanges a été évalué a l'aide d'indicateurs ("Trade restrictiveness index" ou TRI et Mercantilistic TRI"), compte tenu de l'allocation des baisses de droits pratiquée par l'Union européenne, les États-Unis et le Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".