Molecular Characterization of Prostate Cancer in Middle Eastern Population Highlights Differences with Western Populations with Prognostic Implication
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background To investigate the incidence and prognostication of ERG, PTEN and SPINK1 protein expressions in prostate cancer cohort of Middle Eastern descent in comparison to published data from Western populationMethods Immunohistochemistry for ERG, PTEN and SPINK1 was performed in cohort of localized PCa (n=340). Data correlated to pathological and clinical outcomes and compared to Western populations.Results ERG expression and PTEN loss noted in 123/288 (42.7%) and 91/297 (30.6%) of patients, respectively. SPINK1 expression assessed in subset of cases, noted in 6/150 (4%) of patients. Only ERG expression was associated with grade groups, being more common in lower grade groups (1-3 vs 4-5; p=0.04). In contrast to Western population, PTEN loss foci were more likely to be ERG negative, observed in 81% of tumor foci and patients with PTEN neg/ERG pos were more likely to exhibit biochemical recurrence (OR 2.831; 95% CI: 1.10-726, p=0.03). This association remained significant in multivariate analysis (OR 2.68; 95% CI: 0.98-7.33, p=0.05), after adjusting for GG, path stage and surgical margin.Conclusion This study documents significant differences in key molecular events in PCa in Middle Eastern population compared to Western populations that could explain differences in PCa incidence, progression and prognostication. ERG, PTEN and SPINK1 genomic alteration occur less frequently and the enrichment of ERG for PTEN loss is not observed. Additionally, patients with combined PTEN loss/ERG positive are at highest rate for BCR vs North American Caucasian population where PTEN loss alone seems to be associated with the worst clinical outcome. The data presented here further support differences in clonal evolution between Middle Eastern and Western population in relation to PCa and add further insight to understanding PCa molecular pathways.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".