Bibliographic record
Abstract
Patent evaluation methodologies reveal hidden information that enables business decisions.Many of these methodologies may be grouped into a prior art citation dependent category.The problem with this category is citation noise.Citation noise obscures an evaluation leading to very limited and erroneous results.Citation noise is also a gap not well understood by scholars.The empirical multi-case explanatory approach of this research examined 719 citations and found 87% of the citations were noise and 13% had interdependence with a patent.This research further found that interdependency between a citation and patent eliminates citation noise and identifies pertinent and dominant citations.The theoretical implications are a new understanding of citation noise and dependence, a novel interdependency framework and noise pertinence and dominant citation constructs.The practice implications are a novel unencumbered patent evaluation methodology where pertinent and dominant citations provide useful, meaningful evaluations and enable better stakeholder decision-making capabilities.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.023 | 0.143 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.020 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".