Des républiques en armes à la république armée : guerre révolutionnaire, fédéralisme et centralisme au Venezuela et en Nouvelle-Grenade, 1808-1830
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clément Thibaud, From the republics in arms to the armed Republic: revolutionary war, federalism, and centralism in Venezuela and in Nouvelle-Grenade, 1808-1830 The Spanish Empire understood the concept of the common welfare in its providential form. In its legal dimension, the « respublica Christiana » provided the fundamental organization of the corporate society of the Indes de Castille. When the liberal Spanish Revolution initiated the process of indépendance in Nouvelle-Grenade (present-day Colombia) and in Venezuela, these republican bodies were replaced by republics composed of equal citizens. This article examines the causes and means by which a pluralistic and corporative order is transformed into a sovereign nation. Federalism enabled the varied heritage of the Empire to be expressed in language and in modern practices while the warlike dynamic tended to centralize the government and to permit the formation of a national community.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".