Upper Wenlock and lower Ludlow (Silurian), post-extinction graptolites, Všeradice section, Barrandian area, Czech Republic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Všeradice section was trenched and continuously sampled for graptolites from the base of the post-extinction upper Homerian strata to low in the Ludlow. The upper Homerian is divisible into three biozones, a lowerparvus–nassaBiozone, a middlepraedeubeli–deubeliBiozone, and an upperludensis–gerhardiBiozone, the last named being succeeded by graptolites of the lowest LudlownilssoniBiozone. The graptolite diversity of nine species in the upper part of theparvus–nassaBiozone is the highest in the world. Five monograptid species,Pristiograptus parvusUlst, 1974,P. dubius(Suess, 1851),Colonograptus deubeli(Jaeger, 1959),Colonograptus gerhardi(Kühne, 1955), andColonograptus praedeubeli(Jaeger, 1990) are described from the upper Homerian. Twelve species of retiolitids,Gothograptus nassa(Holm, 1890),Neogothograptuscf.balticus(Eisenack, 1951),Spinograptus spinosus(Wood, 1900),Spinograptus clathrospinosus(Eisenack, 1951),Spinograptus munchi(Eisenack, 1951),Spinograptus reticulolawsoni(Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1997)Spinograptus? cf.nevadensis(Berry and Murphy, 1975),Spinograptus? sp. A andSpinograptus? sp. B,Plectograptus macilentus(Törnquist, 1887), andPlectograptus?karlsteinensisnew species andPlectograptus?ovatusnew species, are described and illustrated from upper Homerian and lowest Ludlow strata. The two new species occur in the upperparvus–nassaand lowestpraedeubeli–deubeli, andludensis–gerhardibiozones, respectively. Two morphs ofGothograptus nassa, a narrow (more typical) form, and a wide form, are recognized. While overlapping in their overall ranges, their occurrences in any particular small interval are sometimes mutually exclusive, suggesting ecological control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".