Susceptibility of <i>Betula pendula</i> clones to <i>Phytobia betulae</i>, a dipteran miner of birch stems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Larvae of Phytobia betulae Kangas (Diptera: Agromyzidae) mine within the differentiating xylem tissue of birch trees from canopy to stem base, resulting in permanent brown tunnels in the wood. In birch products the tunnels are considered to be an aesthetic defect. The aim of the study was to determine whether European white birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones differed in their susceptibility to Phytobia and to ascertain the relationship between the size of the trees and their susceptibility. We counted the number of pith flecks (larval tunnels) in eight or nine micropropagated clones of B. pendula in three 4- to 6-year-old field trials. After adjusting for the positive effect of tree size on Phytobia there were significant two- and three-fold differences between clones in Phytobia resistance. A significant genotype × environment interaction in susceptibility of birch to Phytobia was observed. A slow-growing clone was the least susceptible to Phytobia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".