Influence of the pressure-dependent resonance frequency on the bifurcation structure and backscattered pressure of ultrasound contrast agents: A numerical investigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The bifurcation structure of the oscillations of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) was studied as a function of the driving pressure for excitation frequencies that were determined using the UCAs pressure-dependent resonances (fs)(fs). It was shown that when excited by the (fs)(fs), the UCA can undergo a saddle-node bifurcation (SNB) to higher amplitude oscillations. The driving pressure at which the SNB occurs is controllable and depends on the (fs)(fs) magnitude. Utilizing the appropriate (fs)(fs), the scattering cross section of the UCAs can significantly be enhanced (e.g., ∼∼ninefold) while at the same time avoiding potential UCA destruction (by limiting the radial expansion ratio <<2). This offers significant advantages for optimizing UCA-mediated imaging and therapeutic ultrasound applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".