Variation spatiotemporelle de la cryptorchidie et de l’hypospadias au Québec : Une étude exploratoire
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectifs : La majorité des études effectuées au cours des dernièresdécennies ont mis en évidence une augmentation du nombre decas de cryptorchidie et d’hypospadias entre 1970 et 1990. De plus,l’importante variabilité géographique de ces anomalies est biendécrite. Cette étude vise à mesurer la prévalence à la naissancede la cryptorchidie et de l’hypospadias au Québec, à vérifier sices anomalies sont en augmentation et à en évaluer la répartitioninterrégionale.Méthode : Une étude épidémiologique descriptive a été réalisée àpartir du nombre de garçons de cinq ans et moins hospitalisés pourune cryptorchidie ou un hypospadias au Québec de 1989 à 2004selon les données du fichier administratif d’hospitalisation MEDÉCHO.Les données sur les naissances provenaient de l’Institut dela statistique du Québec.Résultats : La prévalence annuelle moyenne pour 1000 naissancesvivantes de sexe masculin est de 19,1 (IC à 95 % : 18,8-19,4) pourla cryptorchidie et 11,4 (IC à 95 % 11,1-11,6) pour l’hypospadiasau Québec. Au cours de la période étudiée, la prévalence de cryptorchidiea légèrement diminué, alors que celle de l’hypospadiasest demeurée stable. Comparativement à la province du Québec,des régions présentent une prévalence significativement différentede cryptorchidie et/ou d’hypospadias. .Conclusion : Au Québec, la prévalence de cryptorchidie est enlégère diminution alors que celle de l’hypospadias est stable.Des variations régionales significatives sont observables. D’autresétudes sont nécessaires afin d’évaluer l’hypothèse d’un lien avecles contaminants environnementaux en émergence. L’implantationd’un système de surveillance des anomalies congénitales permettraitune représentation plus valide de la situation.Objectives: Previous research has shown evidence of an increasein the number of cases of cryptorchidism and hypospadias between1970 and 1990. Geographical disparities of these anomalies arewidely described. This study aims to measure the prevalence ofcryptorchidism and hypospadias at birth in the province of Quebec,to investigate if there is an increasing trend and to assess the interregionaldistribution of these anomalies. Method: A descriptive epidemiological study was undertaken toinvestigate the number of newborn males up to five years of age,hospitalized for cryptorchidism or hypospadias in Quebec between1989 and 2004 based on data collected from MED-ECHO, a databasecompiling hospitalizations and used for administrative purposes.Birth rates were provided by the Statistical Institute of Quebec. Results: Mean yearly prevalence per 1000 male live births was19.1 (95% CI 18.8-19.4) for cryptorchidism and 11.4 (95% CI11.1-11.6) for hypospadias for the province of Quebec. Within theperiod of study, the prevalence of cryptorchidism decreased slightlywhile that of hypospadias remained stable. Significant variationsin prevalence were observed in some regions compared to theprovince, for both pathologies. Conclusion: In Quebec, the prevalence of cryptorchidism isdecreasing while that of hypospadias is stable. There is significantregional variation among the province. More studies are neededto assess the potential link with environmental contaminants asan emerging explanation. The implementation of an adequate surveillancesystem for congenital anomalies would allow for a moreaccurate representation of the situation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".