Revolution and Counterrevolution: The United States and Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The strong cultural similarity between English-speaking Canada and the United States has often led citizens of the latter to wonder why the two remain in separate polities. Both nations are largely urbanized, heavily industrialized, and politically stable. They share many of the same ecological and demographic conditions, approximately the same level of economic development, and similar rates of upward and downward social mobility. The Loyalist emigres from the American Revolution and Canada&s;s subsequent repeatedly aroused fears of United States encroachment fostered the institutionalization of a counterrevolutionary or conservative ethos. In these counterrevolutionary beginnings of Canada, we find the clue to the continuance of British ascriptive and elitist value patterns. Despite the conviction of many revolutionary leaders that the struggle for independence was primarily an issue of political and national independence, large segments of the American people organized against the emergence of any ruling oligarchical forces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.031 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".