Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario comprise the five interior freshwater lakes that extend across a total area of 244,000 km 2 (0.16% of world land area), occupy parts of six states and two provinces in two nations, and contain nearly 20% of the world's freshwater supply. Glaciers, although frozen, are the only contiguous surface freshwater volume that contains more freshwater; they were the geologic forces that carved these lakes and the surrounding drainage area from the Precambrian rocks and overlying marine deposits from earlier inland seas that are now rocks classified by their Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian periods. The current Pleistocene Epoch of glacier activity, whose vertical heights were 2 km, compressed and scoured the area during numerous advances and retreats. During each icesheet retreat, the ice‐excavated lake basins were filled by meltwater, and the absence of ice overload burden triggered areas of earth uplift and the creation of drainage outlets.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.157 | 0.039 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".