Differential momentary reports of stress and affect associated with alcohol consumption in middle-aged versus younger adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Objective Stress is a motivator to consume alcohol, a well-documented relapse risk, and is known to differentially affect biological and psychological processes as people age. Because alcohol consumption is known to decrease stress and increase affect, this study examined differences in ratings of stress and affect across the day in middle-aged versus younger adults who regularly consumed alcohol. Methods A sample of males and females including younger (n=17) and middle-aged (n=18) drinkers was studied across two experimental periods: a 3-day period of usual drinking and a 3-day period of abstinence from alcohol. We also measured resting levels of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA rest ), since it is a well-documented biomarker of stress and known to decrease with age. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) ratings across periods of normal drinking and abstinence were modeled using hierarchical regression to assess differences in stress and affect throughout days of abstinence and normal drinking between the two age groups. Results As anticipated, middle-aged participants had lower RSA rest than those who were younger. Our analyses showed that middle-aged adults experienced a significant reduction in stress following drinking while no such effect was observed in the younger adults. Although the middle-aged adults showed overall lower stress, generally they also expressed higher affect than younger adults. Conclusions Despite the mitigating role of alcohol on stress in the middle-aged group and the fact that they had higher affect than the younger adults, their lower levels of RSA rest and higher daily reports of stress could pose a risk for chronic alcohol consumption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".