Human Long-Term Bone Marrow Culture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis in adults. Accurate in vitro models of hematopoietic regulation and function should reflect the various hormonal and environmental regulators that act on developing hematopoietic cells in the marrow. Some of the regulatory elements acting in vivo are maintained when bone marrow cells are cultured in vitro under suitable culture conditions. Modifications of techniques initially described by Dexter ( 1 ; see Chapter 16 ) for culture of murine bone marrow led to the establishment of an in vitro system that supports human hematopoietic cells ( 2 , 3 ). Functional hematopoiesis in these cultures was dependent on the formation, over 3–4 wk, of an adherent layer of cells derived from structural elements of bone marrow. This layer, termed “stromal” layer because of its likely derivation from the supportive elements in the marrow, has been extensively characterised ( 4 ). Stromal cells have been shown to exert positive and negative regulatory effects on hematopoietic cells through cell-cell interaction and by the secretion of cytokines ( 5 , 6 ). These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.044 | 0.040 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".