Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter looks at a range of colonial fiction up to 1950 by writers native to Australia, New Zealand, India, the Caribbean, and Canada, which in some way develops and inflects modernist aspiration and practice. The old paradigm, that European models of literary modernism were disseminated to outposts of the British Empire, possibly via such cultural missionaries as E. M. Forster or D. H. Lawrence, and then belatedly imitated, or that artists from the colonies travelled to the metropolitan centre to discover and be transformed by the avant-garde, is evidently undermined by a cursory glance at colonial writing at the end of the nineteenth century. The colonial modernist fiction to 1950 discussed in this chapter is inflected by intimate experience of imperial power, as in the case of Mulk Raj Anand and Claude McKay, and by awareness of an alternative aesthetic and morality in the work of Emily Carr and Katherine Susannah Prichard.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".