Implementation of a simplified, artificial external ear test fixture for measurement of the earplug induced auditory occlusion effect
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Earplugs remain a frequently used short-term solution for occupational hearing conservation. Due to comfort limitations, as induced by e.g. the occlusion effect, workers often only wear earplugs for limited amounts of time and are likely to develop professional hearing loss. The occlusion effect expresses itself in the low frequencies through an altered perception of the wearer's own voice and the amplification of physiological noises that occur upon earplug insertion. While many studies examined the occlusion effect experimentally, no study was found that attempted to implement an artificial external ear model dedicated to the measurement of the objective occlusion effect. A simplified external ear test fixture can help to better assess and design earplugs, because it allows standardized experimental testing. This work describes the implementation of a cylindrical artificial test fixture of the human outer ear that comprises the auditory canal as well as the bony, cartilaginous, and skin tissues that are made up of rigid polyurethane foam and two different types of silicone, respectively. Obtained measurement results are compared to literature findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".