Effect of Ultrasonic Waves on the Capillary Imbibition Recovery of Oil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Effect of Ultrasonic Waves on the Capillary Imbibition Recovery of Oil Tarek Hamida; Tarek Hamida Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Tayfun Babadagli Tayfun Babadagli U. of Alberta Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Jakarta, Indonesia, April 2005. Paper Number: SPE-92124-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/92124-MS Published: April 05 2005 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Hamida, Tarek, and Tayfun Babadagli. "Effect of Ultrasonic Waves on the Capillary Imbibition Recovery of Oil." Paper presented at the SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Jakarta, Indonesia, April 2005. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/92124-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition Search Advanced Search AbstractAlthough the effects of ultrasonic irradiation on multiphase flow through porous media has been studied in the past few decades, the physics of the acoustic interaction between fluid and rock is not yet well understood. Insight into the physical principles governing the mobilization of oil by ultrasonic waves is vital for developing novel techniques of oil extraction.Various mechanisms may be responsible for enhancing the flow of oil through porous media in the presence of an acoustic field. Capillary related mechanisms are peristaltic transport due to mechanical deformation of the pore walls, reduction of capillary forces due to the destruction of surface films generated across pore boundaries, coalescence of oil drops due to Bjerknes forces, oscillation and excitation of capillary trapped oil drops, forces generated by cavitating bubbles, and sonocapillary effects.This paper aims at identifying and analyzing the influence of high-frequency, high-intensity ultrasonic radiation on capillary imbibition. Laboratory experiments were performed using cylindrical Berea sandstone and Indiana limestone samples with all sides (co-current imbibition) and only one side (counter-current imbibition) open to flow contacting with the aqueous phase. The oil saturated cores were placed in an ultrasonic bath, and brought into contact with the aqueous phase. The recovery rate due to capillary imbibition was monitored against time.Air-water, mineral oil-brine, mineral oil-surfactant solution and mineral oil-polymer solution experiments were run each exploring a separate physical process governing acoustic stimulation. Water-air imbibition tests isolate the effect of ultrasound on wettability and capillarity, while oil-brine imbibition experiments help understand the ultrasonic effect on viscosity and interfacial interaction among oil, rock and aqueous phase.We observed a substantial increase in final recovery (up to 15%), and a slight increase in recovery rate when ultrasonic waves were applied.A modified form of an exponential model was employed to fit the recovery curves to clarify the factors causing an incremental recovery by ultrasonic waves for different fluid pairs and rock types.IntroductionThe idea of using sonic waves to enhance oil production is not new.In an early study, Duhon and Campbell[1] conducted waterflood tests on sandstone samples with and without ultrasonic energy.They observed an increase in ultimate recovery when the experiments are run under ultrasonic irradiation. The ultimate recovery was inversely proportional to the frequency of the ultrasonic waves.They attributed the additional recovery to possible increase in localized pressure associated with the collapse of cavities, and gas bubbles in the liquid generating large sound pressures.Much later, Aarts et al.[2] studied the peristaltic transport mechanisms theoretically and experimentally focusing on the process of which ultrasonic radiation deforms the walls of the pores in the shape of traveling transversal waves.They noted that the velocity in the capillary induced by ultrasonic radiation increases with increasing power output.This also is controlled by the hardness of the wall of the capillary tube.Kuznetsov et al.[3] studied the effect of vibro-energy on waterflood displacement rates and relative permeability ratios.They observed an increase in the oil/water relative permeability ratios when vibration is applied.In a succeeding study, Kuznetsov et al. reported significant incremental oil recovery from wells in Russia when they were stimulated by vibro energy[4].Nikolaevskiy et al.[5] provided an interpretation of vibro seismic recovery process describing the wave requirements, wave generation and propagation in oil saturated porous media.Ultrasonic energy also was tested to reduce formation damage caused by fines and mud solids[6,7].Roberts et al.8 showed that mechanical agitation provided by acoustic waves re-suspends the paraffin and restores the effective permeability of the core. Keywords: fluid property, ultrasound, imbibition recovery, final recovery, enhanced recovery, upstream oil & gas, wettability, oil recovery, ultrasonic wave, fluid pair Subjects: Reservoir Fluid Dynamics, Improved and Enhanced Recovery, Flow in porous media This content is only available via PDF. 2005. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".