Exceeding Drilling Performance and Environmental Requirements with Potassium Silicate Based Drilling Fluid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exceeding Drilling Performance and Environmental Requirements with Potassium Silicate Based Drilling Fluid Jayne Duncan; Jayne Duncan Petro Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Michael McDonald Michael McDonald National Silicates Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, March 2004. Paper Number: SPE-86700-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/86700-MS Published: March 29 2004 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Duncan, Jayne, and Michael McDonald. "Exceeding Drilling Performance and Environmental Requirements with Potassium Silicate Based Drilling Fluid." Paper presented at the SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, March 2004. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/86700-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainability Search Advanced Search AbstractSince the re-introduction of silicate based drilling fluids, the vast majority of wells have been formulated around sodium silicate. Somewhat surprising, it is only recently that potassium silicate has become the alkali silicate of choice for use on-land. Described are the chemistry, drilling and environmental performance of potassium silicate. Field results are presented for a series of wells drilled in British Columbia, Canada using a potassium silicate based drilling fluid. These results show that drilling objectives were exceeded and further demonstrated ease of disposal with minimum impact on the environment.IntroductionLike many regions of the world, the regulatory direction in Western Canada is moving towards more stringent standards for the disposal of oil and water based drilling fluids and cuttings. Drilling wastes are typically scrutinized for their acute and chronic toxicity issues, the potential for negative physical impact on receiving soil, salt contamination and presence of unidentified contaminants. The approach of Alberta and British Columbia to lessening the impact of drilling wastes has been further tightening of allowable increases in receiving soil electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR). Load limits for certain contaminants have been broadened and lowered as measured by kg/ha.The introduction of potassium silicate drilling fluids in Western Canada provided a viable alternative to sodium silicate and at the same time, addressed environmental concerns related to the relatively high sodium loadings present in some of the drilling wastes. From a drilling perspective, there are several additional benefits that can be obtained by choosing a potassium silicate drilling fluid.Potassium silicate drilling fluids provide good shale inhibition and wellbore stability in reactive shales. They can be reused in multi-well drilling programs and are easy to dispose of with fairly low associated costs. The cost of the raw products and rig rentals for mud-related equipment are also low, especially when comparing these costs to that of an oil based mud system.Well DesignThe Petro Canada drill program for the winter of 2002/2003 called for two wells to be drilled at Milo and two wells at Clarke Lake. These are remote sites in the upper northeast corner of British Columbia. (figure #1). In the case of Milo, drilling is restricted to the winter months. Remoteness and restrictive drill times makes drilling more expensive and sensitive to logistics. It is paramount that the drilling fluid provide the necessary ROP and borehole stability to ensure completion of the winter drilling program.Borehole stability challenges are faced in the troublesome Fort Simpson shale. This shale is +>500m thickness and can be characterized as a reactive shale, which swells when contacted by fresh water, causing hole sloughing, possibility of stuck pipe and excessive reaming leading to large wellbore washout. Other common wellbore problems include background gas, well bore deviation and hydrogen sulphide gas. Keywords: concentration, wellbore problem, potassium silicate drilling fluid, dilution, environmental requirement, society of petroleum engineers, british columbia, drilling performance, clarke lake, drilling fluid formulation Subjects: Drilling Fluids and Materials, Drilling fluid selection and formulation (chemistry, properties) This content is only available via PDF. 2004. Society of Petroleum Engineers You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".