Can Adoption of Regular Exercise in Later Life Prevent Metabolic Syndrome?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
0088 Clustering of early metabolic markers of cardiovascular disease risk may be modifiable through lifestyle interventions including regular exercise. It is not known whether regular physical exercise adopted later in life can alter the development of these markers and associated morbidity. Purpose: To determine the effect of regular exercise training initiated in later life, and development of metabolic risk factors. Methods: Two inception cohorts of previously sedentary healthy adults aged 55–85 years at baseline (1986–89); one initiating regular supervised physical exercise training (ACTIVE) and the other an age-matched sedentary control (CONTROL) were assessed for anthropometric, biochemical and clinical markers of the metabolic syndrome. Those free of metabolic syndrome were followed for 10 years. Four hundred and fiftysix subjects completed baseline assessment and 36 were excluded with presence of metabolic risk factors. ACTIVE (n = 193) initiated regular exercise training according to published guidelines. Training prescription was updated yearly. SEDENTARY (n = 178) was a randomly selected, geographically similar group of communitydwelling residents obtained using census data who received maximal exercise treadmill testing at baseline and after 10 years but who did not receive formal regular exercise programming during that interval. Markers of metabolic syndrome included elevated systolic blood pressure; LDL-C; serum triglycerides; fasting blood glucose; BMI and waist circumference as per published guidelines. Clinical outcomes included exercise METS, presence of ST-segment depression or angina during exercise, reported cardiac events and co-morbidities using the Charlson co-morbidity index score. Results: At baseline, no differences between groups were observed. At follow up, more metabolic abnormalities were observed in the SEDENTARY compared to ACTIVE for 1 or 2 (64 vs 36%, p<0.001) and 3 or more (35 vs 22%, p<0.003) respectively. SEDENTARY compared to ACTIVE group had more cardiac events (41 vs 33%, p<0.005), comorbid conditions (Charlson score 0.9 vs 0.4, p<0.01), achieved a lower workload (5.0 [9.1% decrease] vs 5.9 [3.5% increase] METS, p<0.01) and had a greater likelihood of a positive exercise test composite (32 vs 10%, p<0.001). Conclusions: Higher fitness achieved over 10 years of regular exercise training in older adults was associated with reduced development of metabolic risk factors. Even when fitness improved among sedentary controls, there was not a similar improvement in risk factors compared to engaging in a regular exercise program.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".